Blog de Paul Jorion

Qui est Paul Jorion ?
Connexion
Contacter Paul Jorion
Le blog en anglais
Les billets d’Annie Le Brun
Les billets de Jeanne Favret-Saada
Mes vidéos les plus vues
Mon compte
Politique de confidentialité
Politique de cookies (UE)
Register
Réinitialisation de mot de passe
S’abonner
Un don au blog : pourquoi ?

*Godot est mort !*

Catégorie : Grands Modèles de Langage

La philosophie du Blog de Paul Jorion : « Wo Es war, soll Ich werden »

Illustration par DALL·E

Le blog ici est entré il y a quelques jours dans sa 19^e année. On y a parlé et on y parle, de multiples…

mars 6, 2025
L’IA a atteint ses limites !

Illustration par DALL·E

Vous souvenez-vous de ces commentateurs pontifiant que les grands modèles de langage (LLM) ne sont que des « perroquets statistiques », que les progrès de l’IA « ralentissent », que les…

février 27, 2025
Xerfi Canal – L’IA, une hécatombe d’expertises, le 21 février 2025

[Le 12 juin 2024] Xerfi Canal a reçu Paul Jorion, anthropologue, économiste, psychanalyste, chercheur en IA, pour parler de l’IA et des expertises.

février 23, 2025
« La déresponsabilisation progressive : les risques existentiels systémiques liés au développement progressif de l’IA »

Illustration par DALL·E

Gradual Disempowerment: Systemic Existential Risks from Incremental AI Development, le 29 janvier 2025

Résumé par ChatGPT 4o :
…

février 13, 2025
Intelligence & Société N°9

Illustration par DALL·E

Intelligence & Société

Semaine du 2 au 9 février 2025

Paul Jorion & Jueun…

février 9, 2025
PRIBOR : « GRANDIR ! »

OK, je vous l’accorde : ce n’est pas le nec plus ultra en matière d’IA, et il n’y a (provisoirement) dans GRANDIR ! rien en arrière-plan de ce…

février 8, 2025
Retour au fond du garage !

Il y a un peu plus d’un mois : à la Saint-Sylvestre, je lançais ici un appel aux investisseurs : « Quel est le pire moment de l’année pour lancer un appel de fonds ? » où j’expliquais que PRIBOR avait atteint la limite de ce que l’on peut faire au fond d’un…

février 4, 2025
Les IA rédigeant du code (le septième ciel du programmeur 😃 !)

Je suis en train de tester en parallèle le Chinois DeepSeek-R1 paru il y a une douzaine de jours, le 20 janvier et l’Américain ChatGPT o3-mini-high paru avant-hier, le 31 janvier, sur leur capacité à produire un programme en Python qui prend en entrée le squelette d’une phrase (quelques concepts et une caractérisation élémentaire…

février 2, 2025
Vidéo – Lorsque DeepSeek ridiculise Stargate

Une IA chinoise meilleur marché que ses concurrentes américaines bouleverse le rapport de force entre les nations.

janvier 31, 2025
Tiens ! Puisqu’on ne parle que de ça aujourd’hui : le mirage de l’épuisement des données

Piqûre de rappel. Cela date du 12 décembre 2024 (l’équivalent de l’âge du bronze quand il est question d’IA).

J’expliquais qu’on ne manquerait pas de données puisque les IA produisaient désormais les leurs … de qualité supérieure à l’humain.

<time datetime="2025-01-31T09:59:27+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/31/tiens-puisquon-ne-parle-que-de-ca-aujourdhui-le-mirage-de-lepuisement-des-donnees/">janvier 31, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-143024 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-intelligence-societe category-grands-modeles-de-langage category-intelligence-artificielle tag-deepseek tag-donald-trump tag-grands-modeles-de-langage tag-intelligence-artificielle-2 tag-le-pape-francois tag-llm tag-openai"> <h2 style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300;" class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/intelligence-societe-n8-2/" target="_self" ><b><em>Intelligence & Société</em></b> N°8</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/intelligence-societe-n8-2/"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="size-full wp-image-143027" src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-29-17.58.54-An-expressionist-woodcut-style-illustration-inspired-by-the-bold-emotional-lines-of-early-20th-century-German-Expressionism-depicting-AI-as-a-trans.webp" alt="" width="550" height="550" srcset="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-29-17.58.54-An-expressionist-woodcut-style-illustration-inspired-by-the-bold-emotional-lines-of-early-20th-century-German-Expressionism-depicting-AI-as-a-trans.webp 1024w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-29-17.58.54-An-expressionist-woodcut-style-illustration-inspired-by-the-bold-emotional-lines-of-early-20th-century-German-Expressionism-depicting-AI-as-a-trans-300x300.webp 300w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-29-17.58.54-An-expressionist-woodcut-style-illustration-inspired-by-the-bold-emotional-lines-of-early-20th-century-German-Expressionism-depicting-AI-as-a-trans-150x150.webp 150w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-29-17.58.54-An-expressionist-woodcut-style-illustration-inspired-by-the-bold-emotional-lines-of-early-20th-century-German-Expressionism-depicting-AI-as-a-trans-768x768.webp 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><em>Illustration par DALL·E</em></p> <h3 class="p1"><b>Intelligence & Société</b></h3> <p class="p2"><b>Semaine du 18 au 25 janvier 2025 </b></p> <p class="p3"><b>Paul Jorion & <span style="color: #0000ff;"><a href="https://www.jueunahn.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jueun Ahn</a></span></b></p> <p class="p1"…</a> </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2025-01-29T18:33:27+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/intelligence-societe-n8-2/">janvier 29, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-143016 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-grands-modeles-de-langage category-intelligence-artificielle category-pribor tag-deepseek tag-grands-modeles-de-langage tag-intelligence-artificielle-generaliste tag-llm tag-pribor"> <h2 style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300;" class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/deepseek-est-loccasion-que-pribor-attendait/" target="_self" ><b>DeepSeek est l’occasion que Pribor ™ attendait</b></a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/deepseek-est-loccasion-que-pribor-attendait/"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25.jpg" alt="" width="1920" height="1080" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-143021" srcset="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25.jpg 1920w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25-768x432.jpg 768w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/PRIBOR-pub-JPG-final-29-01-25-1536x864.jpg 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px" /> <p>Jusqu’à la commotion des jours derniers, le récit qui s’était imposé était que toute nouvelle initiative en Intelligence Artificielle (IA) requérait des mises de fonds chiffrables en milliards…</p></a> </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2025-01-29T10:27:16+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/29/deepseek-est-loccasion-que-pribor-attendait/">janvier 29, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-143008 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-chine category-etats-unis category-grands-modeles-de-langage category-intelligence-artificielle tag-chine tag-deepseek tag-etats-unis tag-grands-modeles-de-langage tag-intelligence-artificielle-2 tag-llm tag-openai"> <h2 style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300;" class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/deepseek-la-journee-dhier-et-lequilibre-mondial/" target="_self" >DeepSeek : <b>La journée d’hier et l’équilibre mondial</b></a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/deepseek-la-journee-dhier-et-lequilibre-mondial/"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-142808" src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr.webp" alt="" width="1792" height="1024" srcset="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr.webp 1792w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr-300x171.webp 300w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr-1024x585.webp 1024w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr-768x439.webp 768w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-12-18.52.36-An-allegorical-painting-in-the-style-of-Eugène-Delacroix-depicting-the-Sino-American-rivalry-over-artificial-intelligence-and-technology-as-a-grand-dr-1536x878.webp 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><em>Illustration par DALL·E</em></p> <p>Alors, qu’est-ce qui s’est passé hier, 27 janvier, provoquant la perte de mille milliards de dollars en valeur boursière et en particulier pour…</p></a> </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2025-01-28T09:50:53+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/deepseek-la-journee-dhier-et-lequilibre-mondial/">janvier 28, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-143004 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-chine category-grands-modeles-de-langage category-intelligence-artificielle tag-chine tag-deepseek tag-grand-modele-de-langage tag-intelligence-artificielle-2 tag-llm tag-open-source"> <h2 style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300;" class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/allons-bon-le-monde-a-decouvert-deepseek-aujourdhui/" target="_self" ><b>Allons, bon ! le monde a découvert DeepSeek aujourd’hui !</b></a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/allons-bon-le-monde-a-decouvert-deepseek-aujourdhui/"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Capture-décran-2024-12-02-à-16.45.37.png" alt="" width="1476" height="594" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-142364" srcset="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Capture-décran-2024-12-02-à-16.45.37.png 1476w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Capture-décran-2024-12-02-à-16.45.37-300x121.png 300w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Capture-décran-2024-12-02-à-16.45.37-1024x412.png 1024w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Capture-décran-2024-12-02-à-16.45.37-768x309.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1476px) 100vw, 1476px" /></p> <p><strong>Le Blog de Paul Jorion</strong> :</p> <p>Le 2 décembre 2024, 16h10 :</p> <p><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2024/12/02/chiens-robots-chinois-a-usage-militaire/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chiens robots chinois à usage militaire</a></p> <blockquote><p>ChatGPT o1-preview a été publié le 12 septembre. Le…</p></blockquote></a> </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2025-01-28T00:15:41+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/28/allons-bon-le-monde-a-decouvert-deepseek-aujourdhui/">janvier 28, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li><li class="wp-block-post post-142996 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-chine category-etats-unis category-grands-modeles-de-langage category-intelligence-artificielle category-robotique tag-chine tag-deepseek tag-etats-unis tag-grands-modeles-de-langage tag-intelligence-artificielle-2 tag-llm tag-robots"> <h2 style="font-style:normal;font-weight:300;" class="alignwide wp-block-post-title has-var-wp-custom-typography-font-size-huge-clamp-2-25-rem-4-vw-2-75-rem-font-size"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/27/ia-les-etats-unis-contre-la-chine-un-combat-trop-inegal-par-ez/" target="_self" >IA – <b>Les États-Unis contre la Chine : un combat trop inégal</b>, par ez</a></h2> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:650px"><div class="wp-block-post-excerpt"><p class="wp-block-post-excerpt__excerpt"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/27/ia-les-etats-unis-contre-la-chine-un-combat-trop-inegal-par-ez/"><p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-142999" src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t.webp" alt="" width="1792" height="1024" srcset="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t.webp 1792w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t-300x171.webp 300w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t-1024x585.webp 1024w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t-768x439.webp 768w, https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/DALL·E-2025-01-27-18.07.18-A-futuristic-scene-showcasing-advanced-humanoid-robots-developed-by-Chinese-companies.-The-robots-are-sleek-metallic-and-human-like-demonstrating-t-1536x878.webp 1536w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><em>Illustration par DALL·E</em></p> <p>Les Chinois sont en avance sur les robots humanoïdes, une avancée technologique permise par la conjugaison de l’IA et de la robotique. Déjà…</p></a> </p></div> <div style="font-style:italic;font-weight:400;" class="wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size"><time datetime="2025-01-27T18:26:30+01:00"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/2025/01/27/ia-les-etats-unis-contre-la-chine-un-combat-trop-inegal-par-ez/">janvier 27, 2025</a></time></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"></div> </div> <div style="height:112px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div> </li></ul> <nav class="alignwide wp-block-query-pagination is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-query-pagination-is-layout-b2891da8 wp-block-query-pagination-is-layout-flex" aria-label="Pagination"> <a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/2/" class="wp-block-query-pagination-previous has-small-font-size"><span class='wp-block-query-pagination-previous-arrow is-arrow-arrow' aria-hidden='true'>←</span>Page précédente</a> <div class="wp-block-query-pagination-numbers"><a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/">1</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/2/">2</a> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">3</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/4/">4</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/5/">5</a> <span class="page-numbers dots">…</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/18/">18</a></div> <a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/category/grands-modeles-de-langage/page/4/" class="wp-block-query-pagination-next has-small-font-size">Page suivante<span class='wp-block-query-pagination-next-arrow is-arrow-arrow' aria-hidden='true'>→</span></a> </nav></main> </div> <footer class="wp-block-template-part"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style="padding-top:var(--wp--custom--spacing--large, 8rem)"> <div class="wp-block-group alignfull is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <div class="wp-block-group alignwide is-content-justification-space-between is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-37312ec6 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex" style="padding-top:4rem;padding-bottom:4rem"><p class="wp-block-site-title"><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog" target="_self" rel="home">Blog de Paul Jorion</a></p> <p>©Paul Jorion</p> <p class="has-text-align-right">Fièrement propulsé par <a href="https://fr.wordpress.org" rel="nofollow">WordPress</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="speculationrules"> {"prefetch":[{"source":"document","where":{"and":[{"href_matches":"\/blog\/*"},{"not":{"href_matches":["\/blog\/wp-*.php","\/blog\/wp-admin\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/plugins\/*","\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/twentytwentytwo\/*","\/blog\/*\\?(.+)"]}},{"not":{"selector_matches":"a[rel~=\"nofollow\"]"}},{"not":{"selector_matches":".no-prefetch, .no-prefetch a"}}]},"eagerness":"conservative"}]} </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PBV9XRPG80"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-PBV9XRPG80'); </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/paid-member-subscriptions/includes/modules/recaptcha/assets/js/recaptcha.js?ver=1749791838" id="pms-recaptcha-js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=pms_recaptcha_callback&render=explicit&ver=1749791838" id="google-recaptcha-api-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-mouse-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/resizable.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-resizable-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/draggable.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-draggable-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/controlgroup.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-controlgroup-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/checkboxradio.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-checkboxradio-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/button.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-button-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/dialog.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-dialog-js"></script> <script id="wp-block-template-skip-link-js-after"> ( function() { var skipLinkTarget = document.querySelector( 'main' ), sibling, skipLinkTargetID, skipLink; // Early exit if a skip-link target can't be located. if ( ! skipLinkTarget ) { return; } /* * Get the site wrapper. * The skip-link will be injected in the beginning of it. */ sibling = document.querySelector( '.wp-site-blocks' ); // Early exit if the root element was not found. if ( ! sibling ) { return; } // Get the skip-link target's ID, and generate one if it doesn't exist. skipLinkTargetID = skipLinkTarget.id; if ( ! skipLinkTargetID ) { skipLinkTargetID = 'wp--skip-link--target'; skipLinkTarget.id = skipLinkTargetID; } // Create the skip link. skipLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); skipLink.classList.add( 'skip-link', 'screen-reader-text' ); skipLink.id = 'wp-skip-link'; skipLink.href = '#' + skipLinkTargetID; skipLink.innerText = 'Aller au contenu'; // Inject the skip link. sibling.parentElement.insertBefore( skipLink, sibling ); }() ); </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.6" id="swv-js"></script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-translations"> ( function( domain, translations ) { var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; localeData[""].domain = domain; wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); } )( "contact-form-7", {"translation-revision-date":"2025-02-06 12:02:14+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.1","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;","lang":"fr"},"This contact form is placed in the wrong place.":["Ce formulaire de contact est plac\u00e9 dans un mauvais endroit."],"Error:":["Erreur\u00a0:"]}},"comment":{"reference":"includes\/js\/index.js"}} ); </script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.6" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script id="wp-email-js-extra"> var emailL10n = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","max_allowed":"5","text_error":"The Following Error Occurs:","text_name_invalid":"- Your Name is empty\/invalid","text_email_invalid":"- Your Email is empty\/invalid","text_remarks_invalid":"- Your Remarks is invalid","text_friend_names_empty":"- Friend Name(s) is empty","text_friend_name_invalid":"- Friend Name is empty\/invalid: ","text_max_friend_names_allowed":"- Maximum 5 Friend Names allowed","text_friend_emails_empty":"- Friend Email(s) is empty","text_friend_email_invalid":"- Friend Email is invalid: ","text_max_friend_emails_allowed":"- Maximum 5 Friend Emails allowed","text_friends_tally":"- Friend Name(s) count does not tally with Friend Email(s) count","text_image_verify_empty":"- Image Verification is empty"}; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/wp-email/email-js.js?ver=2.69.3" id="wp-email-js"></script> <script src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeCv_0UAAAAAPf-lRJBJla-fYdzCXahne5oO3kE&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-before"> var wpcf7_recaptcha = { "sitekey": "6LeCv_0UAAAAAPf-lRJBJla-fYdzCXahne5oO3kE", "actions": { "homepage": "homepage", "contactform": "contactform" } }; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=6.0.6" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script src="https://js.stripe.com/v3/?ver=6.8.1" id="pms-stripe-js-js"></script> <script id="pms-front-end-js-extra"> var pmsGdpr = {"delete_url":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog?pms_user=0&pms_action=pms_delete_user&pms_nonce=0cdcea72d8","delete_text":"Type DELETE to confirm deleting your account and all data associated with it:","delete_error_text":"You did not type DELETE. Try again!"}; var PMS_States = {"AR":{"C":"Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires","B":"Buenos Aires","K":"Catamarca","H":"Chaco","U":"Chubut","X":"Córdoba","W":"Corrientes","E":"Entre Ríos","P":"Formosa","Y":"Jujuy","L":"La Pampa","F":"La Rioja","M":"Mendoza","N":"Misiones","Q":"Neuquén","R":"Río Negro","A":"Salta","J":"San Juan","D":"San Luis","Z":"Santa Cruz","S":"Santa Fe","G":"Santiago del Estero","V":"Tierra del Fuego","T":"Tucumán"},"AU":{"ACT":"Australian Capital Territory","NSW":"New South Wales","NT":"Territoire du nord","QLD":"Queensland","SA":"Australie du Sud","TAS":"Tasmania","VIC":"Victoria","WA":"Australie de l'Ouest"},"BD":{"BAG":"Bagerhat","BAN":"Bandarban","BAR":"Barguna","BARI":"Barisal","BHO":"Bhola","BOG":"Bogra","BRA":"Brahmanbaria","CHA":"Chandpur","CHI":"Chittagong","CHU":"Chuadanga","COM":"Comilla","COX":"Cox's Bazar","DHA":"Dhaka","DIN":"Dinajpur","FAR":"Faridpur ","FEN":"Feni","GAI":"Gaibandha","GAZI":"Gazipur","GOP":"Gopalganj","HAB":"Habiganj","JAM":"Jamalpur","JES":"Jessore","JHA":"Jhalokati","JHE":"Jhenaidah","JOY":"Joypurhat","KHA":"Khagrachhari","KHU":"Khulna","KIS":"Kishoreganj","KUR":"Kurigram","KUS":"Kushtia","LAK":"Lakshmipur","LAL":"Lalmonirhat","MAD":"Madaripur","MAG":"Magura","MAN":"Manikganj ","MEH":"Meherpur","MOU":"Moulvibazar","MUN":"Munshiganj","MYM":"Mymensingh","NAO":"Naogaon","NAR":"Narail","NARG":"Narayanganj","NARD":"Narsingdi","NAT":"Natore","NAW":"Nawabganj","NET":"Netrakona","NIL":"Nilphamari","NOA":"Noakhali","PAB":"Pabna","PAN":"Panchagarh","PAT":"Patuakhali","PIR":"Pirojpur","RAJB":"Rajbari","RAJ":"Rajshahi","RAN":"Rangamati","RANP":"Rangpur","SAT":"Satkhira","SHA":"Shariatpur","SHE":"Sherpur","SIR":"Sirajganj","SUN":"Sunamganj","SYL":"Sylhet","TAN":"Tangail","THA":"Thakurgaon"},"BG":{"BG-01":"Blagoevgrad","BG-02":"Burgas","BG-08":"Dobrich","BG-07":"Gabrovo","BG-26":"Haskovo","BG-09":"Kardzhali","BG-10":"Kyustendil","BG-11":"Lovech","BG-12":"Montana","BG-13":"Pazardzhik","BG-14":"Pernik","BG-15":"Pleven","BG-16":"Plovdiv","BG-17":"Razgrad","BG-18":"Ruse","BG-27":"Shumen","BG-19":"Silistra","BG-20":"Sliven","BG-21":"Smolyan","BG-23":"Sofia","BG-22":"Sofia-Grad","BG-24":"Stara Zagora","BG-25":"Targovishte","BG-03":"Varna","BG-04":"Veliko Tarnovo","BG-05":"Vidin","BG-06":"Vratsa","BG-28":"Yambol"},"BR":{"AC":"Acre","AL":"Alagoas","AP":"Amapá","AM":"Amazonas","BA":"Bahia","CE":"Ceará","DF":"Distrito Federal","ES":"Espírito Santo","GO":"Goiás","MA":"Maranhão","MT":"Mato Grosso","MS":"Mato Grosso do Sul","MG":"Minas Gerais","PA":"Pará","PB":"Paraíba","PR":"Paraná","PE":"Pernambuco","PI":"Piauí","RJ":"Rio de Janeiro","RN":"Rio Grande do Norte","RS":"Rio Grande do Sul","RO":"Rondônia","RR":"Roraima","SC":"Santa Catarina","SP":"São Paulo","SE":"Sergipe","TO":"Tocantins"},"CA":{"AB":"Alberta","BC":"British Columbia","MB":"Manitoba","NB":"Nouvelle Brunswick","NL":"Newfoundland et Labrador","NT":"Les territoires Nord-Ouest","NS":"Nova Scotia","NU":"Nunavut","ON":"Ontario","PE":"Ile Prince Edward","QC":"Quebec","SK":"Saskatchewan","YT":" Territoire Yukon"},"CN":{"CN1":"Yunnan \/ 云南","CN2":"Beijing \/ 北京","CN3":"Tianjin \/ 天津","CN4":"Hebei \/ 河北","CN5":"Shanxi \/ 山西","CN6":"Inner Mongolia \/ 內蒙古","CN7":"Liaoning \/ 辽宁","CN8":"Jilin \/ 吉林","CN9":"Heilongjiang \/ 黑龙江","CN10":"Shanghai \/ 上海","CN11":"Jiangsu \/ 江苏","CN12":"Zhejiang \/ 浙江","CN13":"Anhui \/ 安徽","CN14":"Fujian \/ 福建","CN15":"Jiangxi \/ 江西","CN16":"Shandong \/ 山东","CN17":"Henan \/ 河南","CN18":"Hubei \/ 湖北","CN19":"Hunan \/ 湖南","CN20":"Guangdong \/ 广东","CN21":"Guangxi Zhuang \/ 广西壮族","CN22":"Hainan \/ 海南","CN23":"Chongqing \/ 重庆","CN24":"Sichuan \/ 四川","CN25":"Guizhou \/ 贵州","CN26":"Shaanxi \/ 陕西","CN27":"Gansu \/ 甘肃","CN28":"Qinghai \/ 青海","CN29":"Ningxia Hui \/ 宁夏","CN30":"Macau \/ 澳门","CN31":"Tibet \/ 西藏","CN32":"Xinjiang \/ 新疆"},"ES":{"C":"A Coruña","VI":"Araba\/Álava","AB":"Albacete","A":"Alicante","AL":"Almería","O":"Asturias","AV":"Ávila","BA":"Badajoz","PM":"Baleares","B":"Barcelona","BU":"Burgos","CC":"Cáceres","CA":"Cádiz","S":"Cantabria","CS":"Castellón","CE":"Ceuta","CR":"Ciudad Real","CO":"Córdoba","CU":"Cuenca","GI":"Girona","GR":"Granada","GU":"Guadalajara","SS":"Gipuzkoa","H":"Huelva","HU":"Huesca","J":"Jaén","LO":"La Rioja","GC":"Las Palmas","LE":"León","L":"Lleida","LU":"Lugo","M":"Madrid","MA":"Málaga","ML":"Melilla","MU":"Murcia","NA":"Navarra","OR":"Ourense","P":"Palencia","PO":"Pontevedra","SA":"Salamanca","TF":"Santa Cruz de Tenerife","SG":"Segovia","SE":"Seville","SO":"Soria","T":"Tarragona","TE":"Teruel","TO":"Toledo","V":"Valence","VA":"Valladolid","BI":"Bizkaia","ZA":"Zamora","Z":"Zaragoza"},"GR":{"I":"\u0391\u03c4\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae","A":"\u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0398\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b7","B":"\u039a\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1","C":"\u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u039c\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1","D":"\u0389\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2","E":"Thessalie","F":"Ionian Islands","G":"Gr\u00e8ce-Occidentale","H":"Gr\u00e8ce-Centrale","J":"P\u00e9loponn\u00e8se","K":"\u00c9g\u00e9e-Septentrionale","L":"\u00c9g\u00e9e-M\u00e9ridionale","M":"Cr\u00e8te"},"HK":{"HONG KONG":"Iles de Hong Kong ","KOWLOON":"Kowloon","NEW TERRITORIES":"Nouveaux Territoires"},"HU":{"BK":"B\u00e1cs-Kiskun","BE":"B\u00e9k\u00e9s","BA":"Baranya","BZ":"Borsod-Aba\u00faj-Zempl\u00e9n","BU":"Budapest","CS":"Csongr\u00e1d","FE":"Fej\u00e9r","GS":"Gy\u0151r-Moson-Sopron","HB":"Hajd\u00fa-Bihar","HE":"Heves","JN":"J\u00e1sz-Nagykun-Szolnok","KE":"Kom\u00e1rom-Esztergom","NO":"N\u00f3gr\u00e1d","PE":"Pest","SO":"Somogy","SZ":"Szabolcs-Szatm\u00e1r-Bereg","TO":"Tolna","VA":"Vas","VE":"Veszpr\u00e9m","ZA":"Zala"},"ID":{"AC":"Daerah Istimewa Aceh","SU":"Sumatera Utara","SB":"Sumatera Barat","RI":"Riau","KR":"Kepulauan Riau","JA":"Jambi","SS":"Sumatera Selatan","BB":"Bangka Belitung","BE":"Bengkulu","LA":"Lampung","JK":"DKI Jakarta","JB":"Jawa Barat","BT":"Banten","JT":"Jawa Tengah","JI":"Jawa Timur","YO":"Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta","BA":"Bali","NB":"Nusa Tenggara Barat","NT":"Nusa Tenggara Timur","KB":"Kalimantan Barat","KT":"Kalimantan Tengah","KI":"Kalimantan Timur","KS":"Kalimantan Selatan","KU":"Kalimantan Utara","SA":"Sulawesi Utara","ST":"Sulawesi central","SG":"Sulawesi du Sud-Est","SR":"Sulawesi occidental","SN":"Sulawesi du Sud","GO":"Gorontalo","MA":"Maluku","MU":"Moluques du Nord","PA":"Papouasie","PB":"Papouasie occidentale"},"IE":{"CW":"Carlow","CN":"Cavan","CE":"Clare","CO":"Cork","DL":"Donegal","D":"Dublin","G":"Galway","KY":"Kerry","KE":"Kildare","KK":"Kilkenny","LS":"Laois","LM":"Leitrim","LK":"Limerick","LD":"Longford","LH":"Louth","MO":"Mayo","MH":"Meath","MN":"Monaghan","OY":"Offaly","RN":"Roscommon","SO":"Sligo","TA":"Tipperary","WD":"Waterford","WH":"Westmeath","WX":"Wexford","WW":"Wicklow"},"IN":{"AP":"Andhra Pradesh","AR":"Arunachal Pradesh","AS":"Assam","BR":"Bihar","CT":"Chhattisgarh","GA":"Goa","GJ":"Gujarat","HR":"Haryana","HP":"Himachal Pradesh","JK":"Jammu-et-Cachemire","JH":"Jharkhand","KA":"Karnataka","KL":"Kerala","MP":"Madhya Pradesh","MH":"Maharashtra","MN":"Manipur","ML":"Meghalaya","MZ":"Mizoram","NL":"Nagaland","OR":"Orissa","PB":"Punjab","RJ":"Rajasthan","SK":"Sikkim","TN":"Tamil Nadu","TS":"T\u00e9langana","TR":"Tripura","UK":"Uttarakhand","UP":"Uttar Pradesh","WB":"Bengale-Occidental","AN":"\u00celes Andaman-et-Nicobar","CH":"Chandigarh","DN":"Dadra et Nagar Haveli","DD":"Daman et Diu","DL":"Delhi","LD":"Lakshadeep","PY":"Pondich\u00e9ry (Puducherry)"},"IR":{"KHZ":"Khuzestan (\u062e\u0648\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)","THR":"Tehran (\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646)","ILM":"Ilaam (\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0645)","BHR":"Bushehr (\u0628\u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631)","ADL":"Ardabil (\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0644)","ESF":"Isfahan (\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646)","YZD":"Yazd (\u06cc\u0632\u062f)","KRH":"Kermanshah (\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647)","KRN":"Kerman (\u06a9\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646)","HDN":"Hamadan (\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646)","GZN":"Ghazvin (\u0642\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u0646)","ZJN":"Zanjan (\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646)","LRS":"Luristan (\u0644\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)","ABZ":"Alborz (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0632)","EAZ":"East Azarbaijan (\u0622\u0630\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u06cc)","WAZ":"West Azarbaijan (\u0622\u0630\u0631\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc)","CHB":"Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari (\u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc)","SKH":"South Khorasan (\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc)","RKH":"Razavi Khorasan (\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc)","NKH":"North Khorasan (\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc)","SMN":"Semnan (\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646)","FRS":"Fars (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633)","QHM":"Qom (\u0642\u0645)","KRD":"Kurdistan \/ \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)","KBD":"Kohgiluyeh and BoyerAhmad (\u06a9\u0647\u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f)","GLS":"Golestan (\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)","GIL":"Gilan (\u06af\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646)","MZN":"Mazandaran (\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646)","MKZ":"Markazi (\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632\u06cc)","HRZ":"Hormozgan (\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0646)","SBN":"Sistan and Baluchestan (\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0686\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)"},"IT":{"AG":"Agrigente","AL":"Alexandrie","AN":"Ancône","AO":"Aoste","AR":"Arezzo","AP":"Ascoli Piceno","AT":"Asti","AV":"Avellino","BA":"Bari","BT":"Barletta-Andria-Trani","BL":"Belluno","BN":"Benevento","BG":"Bergame","BI":"Biella","BO":"Bologne","BZ":"Bolzano","BS":"Brescia","BR":"Brindisi","CA":"Cagliari","CL":"Caltanissetta","CB":"Campobasso","CI":"Carbonia-Iglesias","CE":"Caserta","CT":"Catania","CZ":"Catanzaro","CH":"Chieti","CO":"Como","CS":"Cosenza","CR":"Cremona","KR":"Crotone","CN":"Cuneo","EN":"Enna","FM":"Fermo","FE":"Ferrara","FI":"Firenze","FG":"Foggia","FC":"Forl\u00ec-Cesena","FR":"Frosinone","GE":"Genova","GO":"Gorizia","GR":"Grosseto","IM":"Imperia","IS":"Isernia","SP":"La Spezia","AQ":"L'Aquila","LT":"Latina","LE":"Lecce","LC":"Lecco","LI":"Livorno","LO":"Lodi","LU":"Lucca","MC":"Macerata","MN":"Mantova","MS":"Massa-Carrara","MT":"Matera","ME":"Messina","MI":"Milano","MO":"Modena","MB":"Monza e della Brianza","NA":"Naple","NO":"Novare","NU":"Nuoro","OT":"Olbia-Tempio","OR":"Oristano","PD":"Padova","PA":"Palerme","PR":"Parme","PV":"Pavia","PG":"Perugia","PU":"Pesaro e Urbino","PE":"Pescara","PC":"Piacenza","PI":"Pise","PT":"Pistoia","PN":"Pordenone","PZ":"Potenza","PO":"Prato","RG":"Ragusa","RA":"Ravenne","RC":"Reggio Calabria","RE":"Reggio Emilia","RI":"Rieti","RN":"Rimini","RM":"Rome","RO":"Rovigo","SA":"Salerno","VS":"Medio Campidano","SS":"Sassari","SV":"Savona","SI":"Sienne","SR":"Siracusa","SO":"Sondrio","TA":"Taranto","TE":"Teramo","TR":"Terni","TO":"Torino","OG":"Ogliastra","TP":"Trapani","TN":"Trento","TV":"Trévise","TS":"Trieste","UD":"Udine","VA":"Varese","VE":"Venise","VB":"Verbano-Cusio-Ossola","VC":"Vercelli","VR":"Vérone","VV":"Vibo Valentia","VI":"Vicenza","VT":"Viterbo"},"JP":{"JP01":"Hokkaido","JP02":"Aomori","JP03":"Iwate","JP04":"Miyagi","JP05":"Akita","JP06":"Yamagata","JP07":"Fukushima","JP08":"Ibaraki","JP09":"Tochigi","JP10":"Gunma","JP11":"Saitama","JP12":"Chiba","JP13":"Tokyo","JP14":"Kanagawa","JP15":"Niigata","JP16":"Toyama","JP17":"Ishikawa","JP18":"Fukui","JP19":"Yamanashi","JP20":"Nagano","JP21":"Gifu","JP22":"Shizuoka","JP23":"Aichi","JP24":"Mie","JP25":"Shiga","JP26":"Kyoto","JP27":"Osaka","JP28":"Hyogo","JP29":"Nara","JP30":"Wakayama","JP31":"Tottori","JP32":"Shimane","JP33":"Okayama","JP34":"Hiroshima","JP35":"Yamaguchi","JP36":"Tokushima","JP37":"Kagawa","JP38":"Ehime","JP39":"Kochi","JP40":"Fukuoka","JP41":"Saga","JP42":"Nagasaki","JP43":"Kumamoto","JP44":"Oita","JP45":"Miyazaki","JP46":"Kagoshima","JP47":"Okinawa"},"MX":{"Distrito Federal":"Distrito Federal","Jalisco":"Jalisco","Nuevo Leon":"Nuevo Le\u00f3n","Aguascalientes":"Aguascalientes","Baja California":"Baja California","Baja California Sur":"Baja California Sur","Campeche":"Campeche","Chiapas":"Chiapas","Chihuahua":"Chihuahua","Coahuila":"Coahuila","Colima":"Colima","Durango":"Durango","Guanajuato":"Guanajuato","Guerrero":"Guerrero","Hidalgo":"Hidalgo","Estado de Mexico":"Edo. de M\u00e9xico","Michoacan":"Michoac\u00e1n","Morelos":"Morelos","Nayarit":"Nayarit","Oaxaca":"Oaxaca","Puebla":"Puebla","Queretaro":"Quer\u00e9taro","Quintana Roo":"Quintana Roo","San Luis Potosi":"San Luis Potos\u00ed","Sinaloa":"Sinaloa","Sonora":"Sonora","Tabasco":"Tabasco","Tamaulipas":"Tamaulipas","Tlaxcala":"Tlaxcala","Veracruz":"Veracruz","Yucatan":"Yucat\u00e1n","Zacatecas":"Zacatecas"},"MY":{"JHR":"Johor","KDH":"Kedah","KTN":"Kelantan","MLK":"Melaka","NSN":"Negeri Sembilan","PHG":"Pahang","PRK":"Perak","PLS":"Perlis","PNG":"Pulau Pinang","SBH":"Sabah","SWK":"Sarawak","SGR":"Selangor","TRG":"Terengganu","KUL":"W.P. Kuala Lumpur","LBN":"W.P. Labuan","PJY":"W.P. Putrajaya"},"NP":{"ILL":"Illam","JHA":"Jhapa","PAN":"Panchthar","TAP":"Taplejung","BHO":"Bhojpur","DKA":"Dhankuta","MOR":"Morang","SUN":"Sunsari","SAN":"Sankhuwa","TER":"Terhathum","KHO":"Khotang","OKH":"Okhaldhunga","SAP":"Saptari","SIR":"Siraha","SOL":"Solukhumbu","UDA":"Udayapur","DHA":"Dhanusa","DLK":"Dolakha","MOH":"Mohottari","RAM":"Ramechha","SAR":"Sarlahi","SIN":"Sindhuli","BHA":"Bhaktapur","DHD":"Dhading","KTM":"Kathmandu","KAV":"Kavrepalanchowk","LAL":"Lalitpur","NUW":"Nuwakot","RAS":"Rasuwa","SPC":"Sindhupalchowk","BAR":"Bara","CHI":"Chitwan","MAK":"Makwanpur","PAR":"Parsa","RAU":"Rautahat","GOR":"Gorkha","KAS":"Kaski","LAM":"Lamjung","MAN":"Manang","SYN":"Syangja","TAN":"Tanahun","BAG":"Baglung","PBT":"Parbat","MUS":"Mustang","MYG":"Myagdi","AGR":"Agrghakanchi","GUL":"Gulmi","KAP":"Kapilbastu","NAW":"Nawalparasi","PAL":"Palpa","RUP":"Rupandehi","DAN":"Dang","PYU":"Pyuthan","ROL":"Rolpha","RUK":"Rukum","SAL":"Salyan","BAN":"Banke","BDA":"Bardiya","DAI":"Dailekh","JAJ":"Jajarkot","SUR":"Surkhet","DOL":"Dolpa","HUM":"Humla","JUM":"Jumla","KAL":"Kalikot","MUG":"Mugu","ACH":"Achham","BJH":"Bajhang","BJU":"Bajura","DOT":"Doti","KAI":"Kailali","BAI":"Baitadi","DAD":"Dadeldhura","DAR":"Darchula","KAN":"Kanchanpur"},"NZ":{"NL":"Northland","AK":"Auckland","WA":"Waikato","BP":"Bay of Plenty","TK":"Taranaki","GI":"Gisborne","HB":"Hawke’s Bay","MW":"Manawatu-Wanganui","WE":"Wellington","NS":"Nelson","MB":"Marlborough","TM":"Tasman","WC":"C\u00f4te Ouest","CT":"Canterbury","OT":"Otago","SL":"Southland"},"PE":{"CAL":"El Callao","LMA":"Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima","AMA":"Amazonas","ANC":"Ancash","APU":"Apurímac","ARE":"Arequipa","AYA":"Ayacucho","CAJ":"Cajamarca","CUS":"Cusco","HUV":"Huancavelica","HUC":"Huánuco","ICA":"Ica","JUN":"Junín","LAL":"La Libertad","LAM":"Lambayeque","LIM":"Lima","LOR":"Loreto","MDD":"Madre de Dios","MOQ":"Moquegua","PAS":"Pasco","PIU":"Piura","PUN":"Puno","SAM":"San Martín","TAC":"Tacna","TUM":"Tumbes","UCA":"Ucayali"},"PH":{"ABR":"Abra","AGN":"Agusan del Norte","AGS":"Agusan del Sur","AKL":"Aklan","ALB":"Albay","ANT":"Antique","APA":"Apayao","AUR":"Aurora","BAS":"Basilan","BAN":"Bataan","BTN":"Batanes","BTG":"Batangas","BEN":"Benguet","BIL":"Biliran","BOH":"Bohol","BUK":"Bukidnon","BUL":"Bulacan","CAG":"Cagayan","CAN":"Camarines Norte","CAS":"Camarines Sur","CAM":"Camiguin","CAP":"Capiz","CAT":"Catanduanes","CAV":"Cavite","CEB":"Cebu","COM":"Compostela Valley","NCO":"Cotabato","DAV":"Davao del Norte","DAS":"Davao del Sur","DAC":"Davao Occidental","DAO":"Davao Oriental","DIN":"Dinagat Islands","EAS":"Eastern Samar","GUI":"Guimaras","IFU":"Ifugao","ILN":"Ilocos Norte","ILS":"Ilocos Sur","ILI":"Iloilo","ISA":"Isabela","KAL":"Kalinga","LUN":"La Union","LAG":"Laguna","LAN":"Lanao del Norte","LAS":"Lanao del Sur","LEY":"Leyte","MAG":"Maguindanao","MAD":"Marinduque","MAS":"Masbate","MSC":"Misamis Occidental","MSR":"Misamis Oriental","MOU":"Mountain Province","NEC":"Negros Occidental","NER":"Negros Oriental","NSA":"Northern Samar","NUE":"Nueva Ecija","NUV":"Nueva Vizcaya","MDC":"Occidental Mindoro","MDR":"Oriental Mindoro","PLW":"Palawan","PAM":"Pampanga","PAN":"Pangasinan","QUE":"Quezon","QUI":"Quirino","RIZ":"Rizal","ROM":"Romblon","WSA":"Samar","SAR":"Sarangani","SIQ":"Siquijor","SOR":"Sorsogon","SCO":"Cotabato du sud","SLE":"Leyte du sud","SUK":"Sultan Kudarat","SLU":"Sulu","SUN":"Surigao del Norte","SUR":"Surigao del Sur","TAR":"Tarlac","TAW":"Tawi-Tawi","ZMB":"Zambales","ZAN":"Zamboanga del Norte","ZAS":"Zamboanga del Sur","ZSI":"Zamboanga Sibugay","00":"Metro Manila"},"RO":{"AB":"Alba","AR":"Arad","AG":"Argeș","BC":"Bacău","BH":"Bihor","BN":"Bistrița-Năsăud","BT":"Botoșani","BR":"Brăila","BV":"Brașov","B":"București","BZ":"Buzău","CL":"Călărași","CS":"Caraș-Severin","CJ":"Cluj","CT":"Constanța","CV":"Covasna","DB":"Dâmbovița","DJ":"Dolj","GL":"Galați","GR":"Giurgiu","GJ":"Gorj","HR":"Harghita","HD":"Hunedoara","IL":"Ialomița","IS":"Iași","IF":"Ilfov","MM":"Maramureș","MH":"Mehedinți","MS":"Mureș","NT":"Neamț","OT":"Olt","PH":"Prahova","SJ":"Sălaj","SM":"Satu Mare","SB":"Sibiu","SV":"Suceava","TR":"Teleorman","TM":"Timiș","TL":"Tulcea","VL":"Vâlcea","VS":"Vaslui","VN":"Vrancea"},"TH":{"TH-37":"Amnat Charoen (อำนาจเจริญ)","TH-15":"Ang Thong (อ่างทอง)","TH-14":"Ayutthaya (พระนครศรีอยุธยา)","TH-10":"Bangkok (กรุงเทพมหานคร)","TH-38":"Bueng Kan (บึงกาฬ)","TH-31":"Buri Ram (บุรีรัมย์)","TH-24":"Chachoengsao (ฉะเชิงเทรา)","TH-18":"Chai Nat (ชัยนาท)","TH-36":"Chaiyaphum (ชัยภูมิ)","TH-22":"Chanthaburi (จันทบุรี)","TH-50":"Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่)","TH-57":"Chiang Rai (เชียงราย)","TH-20":"Chonburi (ชลบุรี)","TH-86":"Chumphon (ชุมพร)","TH-46":"Kalasin (กาฬสินธุ์)","TH-62":"Kamphaeng Phet (กำแพงเพชร)","TH-71":"Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี)","TH-40":"Khon Kaen (ขอนแก่น)","TH-81":"Krabi (กระบี่)","TH-52":"Lampang (ลำปาง)","TH-51":"Lamphun (ลำพูน)","TH-42":"Loei (เลย)","TH-16":"Lopburi (ลพบุรี)","TH-58":"Mae Hong Son (แม่ฮ่องสอน)","TH-44":"Maha Sarakham (มหาสารคาม)","TH-49":"Mukdahan (มุกดาหาร)","TH-26":"Nakhon Nayok (นครนายก)","TH-73":"Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม)","TH-48":"Nakhon Phanom (นครพนม)","TH-30":"Nakhon Ratchasima (นครราชสีมา)","TH-60":"Nakhon Sawan (นครสวรรค์)","TH-80":"Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช)","TH-55":"Nan (น่าน)","TH-96":"Narathiwat (นราธิวาส)","TH-39":"Nong Bua Lam Phu (หนองบัวลำภู)","TH-43":"Nong Khai (หนองคาย)","TH-12":"Nonthaburi (นนทบุรี)","TH-13":"Pathum Thani (ปทุมธานี)","TH-94":"Pattani (ปัตตานี)","TH-82":"Phang Nga (พังงา)","TH-93":"Phatthalung (พัทลุง)","TH-56":"Phayao (พะเยา)","TH-67":"Phetchabun (เพชรบูรณ์)","TH-76":"Phetchaburi (เพชรบุรี)","TH-66":"Phichit (พิจิตร)","TH-65":"Phitsanulok (พิษณุโลก)","TH-54":"Phrae (แพร่)","TH-83":"Phuket (ภูเก็ต)","TH-25":"Prachin Buri (ปราจีนบุรี)","TH-77":"Prachuap Khiri Khan (ประจวบคีรีขันธ์)","TH-85":"Ranong (ระนอง)","TH-70":"Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี)","TH-21":"Rayong (ระยอง)","TH-45":"Roi Et (ร้อยเอ็ด)","TH-27":"Sa Kaeo (สระแก้ว)","TH-47":"Sakon Nakhon (สกลนคร)","TH-11":"Samut Prakan (สมุทรปราการ)","TH-74":"Samut Sakhon (สมุทรสาคร)","TH-75":"Samut Songkhram (สมุทรสงคราม)","TH-19":"Saraburi (สระบุรี)","TH-91":"Satun (สตูล)","TH-17":"Sing Buri (สิงห์บุรี)","TH-33":"Sisaket (ศรีสะเกษ)","TH-90":"Songkhla (สงขลา)","TH-64":"Sukhothai (สุโขทัย)","TH-72":"Suphan Buri (สุพรรณบุรี)","TH-84":"Surat Thani (สุราษฎร์ธานี)","TH-32":"Surin (สุรินทร์)","TH-63":"Tak (ตาก)","TH-92":"Trang (ตรัง)","TH-23":"Trat (ตราด)","TH-34":"Ubon Ratchathani (อุบลราชธานี)","TH-41":"Udon Thani (อุดรธานี)","TH-61":"Uthai Thani (อุทัยธานี)","TH-53":"Uttaradit (อุตรดิตถ์)","TH-95":"Yala (ยะลา)","TH-35":"Yasothon (ยโสธร)"},"TR":{"TR01":"Adana","TR02":"Adıyaman","TR03":"Afyon","TR04":"Ağrı","TR05":"Amasya","TR06":"Ankara","TR07":"Antalya","TR08":"Artvin","TR09":"Aydın","TR10":"Balıkesir","TR11":"Bilecik","TR12":"Bingöl","TR13":"Bitlis","TR14":"Bolu","TR15":"Burdur","TR16":"Bursa","TR17":"Çanakkale","TR18":"Çankırı","TR19":"Çorum","TR20":"Denizli","TR21":"Diyarbakır","TR22":"Edirne","TR23":"Elazığ","TR24":"Erzincan","TR25":"Erzurum","TR26":"Eskişehir","TR27":"Gaziantep","TR28":"Giresun","TR29":"Gümüşhane","TR30":"Hakkari","TR31":"Hatay","TR32":"Isparta","TR33":"İçel","TR34":"İstanbul","TR35":"İzmir","TR36":"Kars","TR37":"Kastamonu","TR38":"Kayseri","TR39":"Kırklareli","TR40":"Kırşehir","TR41":"Kocaeli","TR42":"Konya","TR43":"Kütahya","TR44":"Malatya","TR45":"Manisa","TR46":"Kahramanmaraş","TR47":"Mardin","TR48":"Muğla","TR49":"Muş","TR50":"Nevşehir","TR51":"Niğde","TR52":"Ordu","TR53":"Rize","TR54":"Sakarya","TR55":"Samsun","TR56":"Siirt","TR57":"Sinop","TR58":"Sivas","TR59":"Tekirdağ","TR60":"Tokat","TR61":"Trabzon","TR62":"Tunceli","TR63":"Şanlıurfa","TR64":"Uşak","TR65":"Van","TR66":"Yozgat","TR67":"Zonguldak","TR68":"Aksaray","TR69":"Bayburt","TR70":"Karaman","TR71":"Kırıkkale","TR72":"Batman","TR73":"Şırnak","TR74":"Bartın","TR75":"Ardahan","TR76":"Iğdır","TR77":"Yalova","TR78":"Karabük","TR79":"Kilis","TR80":"Osmaniye","TR81":"Düzce"},"US":{"AL":"Alabama","AK":"Alaska","AZ":"Arizona","AR":"Arkansas","CA":"Californie","CO":"Colorado","CT":"Connecticut","DE":"Delaware","DC":"District Of Columbia","FL":"Floride","GA":"G\u00e9orgie","HI":"Hawaii","ID":"Idaho","IL":"Illinois","IN":"Indiana","IA":"Iowa","KS":"Kansas","KY":"Kentucky","LA":"Louisiane","ME":"Maine","MD":"Maryland","MA":"Massachusetts","MI":"Michigan","MN":"Minnesota","MS":"Mississippi","MO":"Missouri","MT":"Montana","NE":"Nebraska","NV":"Nevada","NH":"New Hampshire","NJ":"New Jersey","NM":"New Mexico","NY":"New York","NC":"North Carolina","ND":"North Dakota","OH":"Ohio","OK":"Oklahoma","OR":"Oregon","PA":"Pennsylvanie","RI":"Rhode Island","SC":"Caroline du sud","SD":"Dakota du sud","TN":"Tennessee","TX":"Texas","UT":"Utah","VT":"Vermont","VA":"Virginie","WA":"Washington","WV":"West Virginia","WI":"Wisconsin","WY":"Wyoming","AA":"Forces Arm\u00e9es AA","AE":"Forces arm\u00e9es AE","AP":"Forces arm\u00e9es AP","AS":"Samoa am\u00e9ricain","GU":"Guam","MP":"\u00celes Mariannes du Nord","PR":"Porto Rico","UM":"\u00celes mineures \u00e9loign\u00e9es des \u00c9tats-Unis","VI":"Iles Vierges am\u00e9ricaines"},"ZA":{"EC":"Eastern Cape","FS":"Free State","GP":"Gauteng","KZN":"KwaZulu-Natal","LP":"Limpopo","MP":"Mpumalanga","NC":"Northern Cape","NW":"North West","WC":"Western Cape"}}; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/paid-member-subscriptions/assets/js/front-end.js?ver=2.15.2" id="pms-front-end-js"></script> <script id="pms-stripe-script-js-extra"> var pms = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","empty_credit_card_message":"Please enter a credit card number.","invalid_card_details_error":"Your card details do not seem to be valid.","stripe_connected_account":"acct_1FZKUzIOW0gCuD7e","stripe_locale":"fr","stripe_return_url":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog?pms_stripe_connect_return_url=1","stripe_account_country":"FR","pms_active_currency":"eur","pms_elements_appearance_api":{"theme":"stripe"}}; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/paid-member-subscriptions/includes/gateways/stripe/assets/front-end-connect.js?ver=2.15.2" id="pms-stripe-script-js"></script> <script id="pms-frontend-discount-code-js-js-extra"> var pms_discount_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/paid-member-subscriptions/includes/features/discount-codes/assets/js/frontend-discount-code.js?ver=2.15.2" id="pms-frontend-discount-code-js-js"></script> <script src="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/wp-content/plugins/paid-member-subscriptions-pro/add-ons-basic/pay-what-you-want/assets/js/front-end.js?ver=6.8.1" id="pms-pwyw-script-js"></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(0,0,0,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">En poursuivant votre navigation sur ce site, vous acceptez l’utilisation de cookies permettant de conserver vos préférences, d'établir des statistiques et d'afficher des contenus tiers (par exemple, des vidéos YouTube).</span><span id="cn-notice-buttons" class="cn-buttons-container"><a href="#" id="cn-accept-cookie" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-set-cookie cn-button" aria-label="Ok" style="background-color: #00a99d">Ok</a><a href="https://www.pauljorion.com/blog/politique-de-confidentialite/" target="_blank" id="cn-more-info" class="cn-more-info cn-button" aria-label="Politique de confidentialité" style="background-color: #00a99d">Politique de confidentialité</a></span><span id="cn-close-notice" data-cookie-set="accept" class="cn-close-icon" title="Non"></span></div> </div> </body> </html>