{"id":142136,"date":"2024-11-13T20:39:10","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T19:39:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/?p=142136"},"modified":"2024-11-13T20:39:10","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T19:39:10","slug":"perspectives-davenir-pour-les-personnages-non-joueurs-pnj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/2024\/11\/13\/perspectives-davenir-pour-les-personnages-non-joueurs-pnj\/","title":{"rendered":"<b>Perspectives d&rsquo;avenir pour les <em>personnages non-joueurs<\/em> (PNJ) ;-) <\/b>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1024\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-142138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri.webp 1792w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-1024x585.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-768x439.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-1536x878.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Illustration par DALL\u00b7E<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Comme il ne se passe rien m\u00e9ritant vraiment de retenir l&rsquo;attention dans l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 mondiale ( \ud83d\ude09 ), j&rsquo;inaugure une s\u00e9rie de billets sur les <em>PNJ<\/em> en fran\u00e7ais et <em>NPC<\/em> en anglais. <em>PNJ<\/em> pour \u00ab\u00a0Personnage non-joueur\u00a0\u00bb, <em>NPC<\/em> pour \u00ab\u00a0Non-player character\u00a0\u00bb en anglais.<\/p>\n<p>De quoi s&rsquo;agit-il ? Il s&rsquo;agit des figurants dans les jeux vid\u00e9o, plus ou moins actifs et plus ou moins preneurs d&rsquo;initiative selon la sophistication du jeu. \u00ab\u00a0Non-joueur\u00a0\u00bb parce qu&rsquo;aucun joueur ne d\u00e9termine son comportement, lequel a \u00e9t\u00e9 programm\u00e9 par les concepteurs du jeu : il interagit de mani\u00e8re autonome, selon sa propre logique. Une autonomie plus ou moins convaincante : allant, selon les jeux, de l&rsquo;automate, au personnage vraisemblable.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Free Guy<\/strong> (2021) : <em>Film mettant en sc\u00e8ne un PNJ prenant conscience qu&rsquo;il est enti\u00e8rement programm\u00e9 et que son comportement n&rsquo;est pas d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le caprice d&rsquo;un humain identifiable dans le \u00ab\u00a0vrai\u00a0\u00bb monde.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/le_DUa23y2o?si=KELcs5vVHMYZgWzB\" width=\"700\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Vous pouvez r\u00e9gler les sous-titres sur fran\u00e7ais en cliquant sur la petite roue dent\u00e9e : \u00ab sous-titres \u00bb, \u00ab traduire automatiquement \u00bb \u00ab fran\u00e7ais \u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>En l&rsquo;\u00e9tat, il existe cinq philosophies pr\u00e9sidant au comportement des <em>Personnages non-joueurs<\/em> :<\/p>\n<p>1. <em>Machines \u00e0 \u00e9tats finis<\/em> (Finite State machines : FSM) : s&rsquo;il se passe tel ou tel type d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement, le PNJ adopte tel ou tel type de comportement. Avantage : simple ; handicap : rigide et pr\u00e9visible.<\/p>\n<p>2. <em>Comportement en arbre<\/em> : faisceau de comportements possibles \u00e0 chaque bifurcation. Avantage : s\u00e9quence de d\u00e9cision plus complexe ; handicap : peut devenir gourmand en m\u00e9moire.<\/p>\n<p>3. <em>D\u00e9cisions fond\u00e9es sur l&rsquo;utilit\u00e9<\/em> : le PNJ s&rsquo;identifie au capitaliste et vise la gratification maximale. Avantage : comportement assez r\u00e9aliste dans le monde d&rsquo;aujourd&rsquo;hui ; handicap : difficile \u00e0 r\u00e9gler et encourage les enfants \u00e0 devenir des \u00e9lecteurs de Trump !<\/p>\n<p>4. <em>Planification en vue d&rsquo;un objectif<\/em> (Goal-Oriented Action Planning : GOAP) : le PNJ vise un but, ayant d\u00e9fini des \u00e9tapes interm\u00e9diaires. Avantage : approche intelligente ; handicap : gourmand en m\u00e9moire, r\u00e9glages d\u00e9licats.<\/p>\n<p>5. <em>Apprentissage automatique<\/em> (Machine Learning : ML): apprentissage authentiquement de type IA. Avantage : apprend \u00e0 partir de son exp\u00e9rience ; handicap : formation exigeant la mobilisation de ressources consid\u00e9rables, gourmand en m\u00e9moire, prises de d\u00e9cision opaques (bo\u00eete-noire).<\/p>\n<p>Existe-t-il une sixi\u00e8me approche ? Bien entendu &#8211; pourquoi vous en parlerai-je sinon ?<\/p>\n<p>Quels en sont les avantages ?<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Avantages de SAM (Self-aware Machine *) par rapport \u00e0 ces m\u00e9thodes :<\/b><\/p>\n<p>1. <span class=\"s1\"><em>Apprentissage et adaptation v\u00e9ritables<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span>&#8211; Contrairement aux FSM et aux arbres de comportement, <span class=\"s1\">SAM peut v\u00e9ritablement apprendre et \u00e9voluer.<br \/>\n<\/span>&#8211; Approche d&rsquo;apprentissage <span class=\"s1\">ascendante<\/span> par opposition aux comportements pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9s<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Processus d\u00e9cisionnel transparent<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n2. <em>Efficacit\u00e9 des ressources<\/em><br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Plus efficace <\/span>que les approches ML traditionnelles<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Plus l\u00e9ger<\/span> que les syst\u00e8mes de planification complexes<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Extensible \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents types de jeux<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n3. <em>Explicabilit\u00e9<\/em><br \/>\n&#8211; Contrairement aux syst\u00e8mes de ML \u00e0 bo\u00eete noire, les d\u00e9cisions de SAM sont tra\u00e7ables.<br \/>\n&#8211; Plus facile \u00e0 d\u00e9boguer que les syst\u00e8mes utilitaires<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Progression claire de l&rsquo;apprentissage<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n4. <span class=\"s1\"><em>Comportement dynamique<\/em><br \/>\n<\/span>&#8211; Un v\u00e9ritable comportement \u00e9mergent plut\u00f4t que des r\u00e9ponses sc\u00e9naris\u00e9es<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">V\u00e9ritable compr\u00e9hension du contexte<br \/>\n<\/span>&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Adaptation en temps r\u00e9el \u00e0 de nouvelles situations<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n5. <em>Avantages de la mise en \u0153uvre<\/em><br \/>\n&#8211; Plus facile \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre que les syst\u00e8mes de planification complexes<br \/>\n&#8211; Plus souple que les FSM ou les arbres de comportement<br \/>\n&#8211; <span class=\"s1\">Meilleure \u00e9volutivit\u00e9 que la ML traditionnelle<b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p>* <em>un produit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pribor.io\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pribor.io<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>(\u00e0 suivre &#8230;)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1024\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-142139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a.webp 1792w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a-1024x585.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a-768x439.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.22.41-A-panoramic-medieval-battle-scene-featuring-hundreds-of-NPCs-clashing-in-an-epic-chaotic-conflict.-The-battlefield-is-vast-with-knights-in-shining-a-1536x878.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Illustration par DALL\u00b7E<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"1792\" height=\"1024\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-142138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri.webp 1792w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-300x171.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-1024x585.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-768x439.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/DALL\u00b7E-2024-11-13-20.21.30-A-panoramic-high-energy-science-fiction-battle-inspired-by-Starship-Troopers-showcasing-a-vast-battlefield-teeming-with-hundreds-of-NPCs-in-futuri-1536x878.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1792px) 100vw, 1792px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>Illustration par DALL\u00b7E<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Comme il ne se passe rien m\u00e9ritant vraiment de retenir l&rsquo;attention dans l&rsquo;actualit\u00e9 mondiale ( \ud83d\ude09 ), j&rsquo;inaugure une s\u00e9rie de billets sur les <em>PNJ<\/em> en fran\u00e7ais et <em>NPC<\/em> en anglais. <em>PNJ<\/em> pour \u00ab\u00a0Personnage non-joueur\u00a0\u00bb, <em>NPC<\/em> pour \u00ab\u00a0Non-player character\u00a0\u00bb en anglais.<\/p>\n<p>De quoi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13,9857],"tags":[9860,9861,9858,9859,8779,9342,9111],"class_list":["post-142136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-intelligence-artificielle","category-jeux-video","tag-non-player-character","tag-npc","tag-personnage-non-joueur","tag-pnj","tag-pribor-io","tag-sam","tag-self-aware-machines"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=142136"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":142151,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/142136\/revisions\/142151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=142136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=142136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=142136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}