{"id":60555,"date":"2013-12-14T09:39:43","date_gmt":"2013-12-14T08:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/?p=60555"},"modified":"2013-12-14T10:21:33","modified_gmt":"2013-12-14T09:21:33","slug":"destins-de-la-chanson-traditionnelle-par-julien-chanet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/2013\/12\/14\/destins-de-la-chanson-traditionnelle-par-julien-chanet\/","title":{"rendered":"<b>DESTINS DE LA CHANSON TRADITIONNELLE<\/b>, par Julien Chanet"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>Billet invit\u00e9. A initialement paru sur Artonomia, le blog de Julien Chanet, le 1er ao\u00fbt 2011, sous le nom : \u00ab\u00a0This Song Is Your Song\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la lecture de mon billet \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/?p=60547\" target=\"_blank\">Arch\u00e9ologie<\/a> \u00bb, o\u00f9 je mets en avant le destin d&rsquo;une ballade traditionnelle : \u00ab The Merry Month of May \u00bb, devenue chant patriotique irlandais dans un premier temps, puis \u00ab\u00a0With God On Our Side\u00a0\u00bb chez Bob Dylan, Julien Chanet s&rsquo;est souvenu du billet qu&rsquo;il avait consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0This Land Is Your Land\u00a0\u00bb, une chanson \u00ab\u00a0de\u00a0\u00bb Woody Guthrie que j&rsquo;avais longuement comment\u00e9e dans <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/?p=60259\" target=\"_blank\">ma r\u00e9cente communication \u00e0 Li\u00e8ge<\/a>, et qui est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une reprise de la gospel song \u00ab\u00a0Oh ! My Loving Brother\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\"><i><\/i><i><br \/>\n<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>This Song Is Your Song<\/h3>\n<p>&#8211; C<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u2019est quoi la folk-music\u00a0?<br \/>\n&#8211; (\u2026) Des chansons qu\u2019on tient toujours de quelqu\u2019un.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bob Dylan \u2013 Chroniques, Vol.1<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Je repensais l\u2019autre jour \u00e0 ce pauvre Obama et notamment \u00e0 sa c\u00e9r\u00e9monie d\u2019investiture, en janvier 2009, et plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment \u00e0 une chanson qui fut chant\u00e9e : \u00ab\u00a0This land is your land\u00a0\u00bb, de Woody Guthrie. (1944)<\/span><br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HE4H0k8TDgw?fs=1\" height=\"344\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Pete Seeger, Bruce Springsteen, Arlo Guthrie (et George Lucas \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me minute\u00a0\ud83d\ude09 )<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Cette chanson fait partie des hymnes am\u00e9ricains en dehors de l\u2019officiel <b>Star Spangled Banner<\/b> et de l\u2019officieux, tout comme <strong>This land is your land<\/strong>\u00a0:\u00a0<b>God Bless America<\/b> d\u2019Irving Berlin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Un peu plus sirupeux, pour le coup :<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Vmc-pEyUHTs?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Mais revenons \u00e0 Woody Guthrie, c&rsquo;est tout de m\u00eame plus s\u00e9rieux.<br \/>\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wxiMrvDbq3s?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Chanson extr\u00eamement populaire, elle est souvent d\u00e9cri\u00e9e par les franges r\u00e9publicaines, conservatrices, etc. comme <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">socialiste, <\/i>voire<i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"> communiste. <\/i>Si ce chant est avant tout patriotique envers les Etats-Unis, il ne faut effectivement pas nier l\u2019engagement progressiste de Woody Guthrie, (son fameux sticker \u00ab\u00a0<i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">this machine kills fascists<\/i>\u00a0\u00bb coll\u00e9 sur sa guitare) \u00a0tout comme un certain Peter Seeger\u2026 (un contemporain de Woody Guthrie, 92 ans au compteur cette ann\u00e9e\u00a0!)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Si vous avez un doute sur ce que je dis :\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Pete Seeger \u2013 L\u2019internationale (1984)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qHNsRZ8iqFc?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Les folk-song ont par ailleurs toujours eu une qualit\u00e9 litt\u00e9raire exceptionnelle (autrement dit, faisant exception par rapport au reste de la production \u00e0 succ\u00e8s et passant sur les ondes) en \u00e9tant souvent en prise direct avec les turpitudes et avanies du monde.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Le Dylan des d\u00e9buts chantait de telles chansons\u00a0:<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00ab (\u2026) Je n\u2019avais rien dans mon r\u00e9pertoire qui soit susceptible d\u2019int\u00e9resser les radios commerciales. La prohibition, la d\u00e9bauche, les m\u00e8res infanticides, les Cadillacs \u00e0 cent litres au cent, les inondations, les bureaux du syndicat qui prennent feu, l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres, et les cadavres \u00e0 fond de fleuve, \u00e7a n\u2019\u00e9tait pas pour les auditeurs. Il n\u2019y avait rien d\u2019aimable ni d\u2019accommodant dans les chansons que je chantais. Rien de sympa, rien de doucereux. (\u2026) Les folk-songs, pour moi, ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas du divertissement. Elles traduisaient des r\u00e9alit\u00e9s diff\u00e9rentes, elles me servaient de pr\u00e9cepteurs, de guide vers une r\u00e9publique d\u2019un autre ordre, une r\u00e9publique lib\u00e9r\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Bob Dylan, Chroniques, Vol.1\u00a0<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">S\u2019il est int\u00e9ressant d\u2019analyser les paroles de \u00ab\u00a0This Land\u00a0\u00bb, qui a eu beaucoup de nombreuses versions diff\u00e9rentes, dont certaines plus \u2018mod\u00e9r\u00e9es\u2019 (il y a eu \u00e0 ce sujet une certaine surprise d\u2019entendre une version de 1972, compos\u00e9e de certains passages plus engag\u00e9s, \u00e0 l\u2019investiture d\u2019Obama. \u00c7a ne m\u2019\u00e9tonnerait\u00a0 pas que Pete Seeger ait n\u00e9goci\u00e9 sa venue) c\u2019est l\u2019instrumental qui m\u2019occupera pour l\u2019instant.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Lorsque l\u2019on va sur le site <a href=\"http:\/\/www.woodyguthrie.org\/Lyrics\/This_Land.htm\" target=\"_blank\">woodyguthrie.org<\/a>, on remarque que les cr\u00e9dits sont\u00a0: <span class=\"musiccredit\">Words and Music by Woody Guthrie<\/span><span class=\"musiccredit\">. Mais c\u2019est \u00e9galement le cas un peu partout ailleurs.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"musiccredit\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">C\u2019est possible. Mais \u00e7a n\u2019est pas le cas, car dans la musique folk, s\u2019il y a cr\u00e9ation de m\u00e9lodie, il y aussi \u00e9norm\u00e9ment \u00ab\u00a0d\u2019emprunts\u00a0\u00bb, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0traditionnel\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span class=\"musiccredit\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Dans le cas qui nous concerne, Woody Guthrie est souvent accus\u00e9 d\u2019avoir piqu\u00e9 l\u2019instrumental \u00e0 la Carter Family. Pour autant, ce qui n\u2019est plus admissible aujourd\u2019hui \u00e9tait extr\u00eamement courant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. Le support m\u00e9lodique pouvait \u00eatre prit dans le r\u00e9pertoire d\u2019\u0153uvres existantes, sorte d\u2019antiphonaire transmis entre musiciens. Les paroles, elles, sont modifi\u00e9es voire compl\u00e8tement r\u00e9\u00e9crites pour une occasion particuli\u00e8re ou sous le coup de l\u2019inspiration du chanteur. \u00a0Quelques fois les paroles ou \u00e0 tout le moins le th\u00e8me reste le m\u00eame et la musique change\u00a0; l\u2019exemple typique \u00e9tant l\u2019histoire de Stagger Lee, une \u00ab\u00a0murder ballad\u00a0\u00bb qui aura inspir\u00e9 bien des auteurs depuis un si\u00e8cle (premi\u00e8re publication connue en 1911). Deux versions, parmi des centaines d&rsquo;autres :<br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span class=\"musiccredit\"><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Mississippi John Hurt (1928)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/HlniDmj10u8?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Nick Cave (version studio sur l\u2019album \u201cMurder Ballad\u201d 1996)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/AEDAdAg5Pok?fs=1\" height=\"344\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Mais revenons \u00e0 nos moutons, et donc \u00e0 cette fameuse Carter Family, groupe folk ayant enregistr\u00e9 de 1926 \u00e0 1956.<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Et c\u2019est vrai leur chanson <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">When the world\u2019s on fire <\/i>a une m\u00e9lodie semblable \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0This Land\u2026\u00a0\u00bb. (Enfin, l&rsquo;inverse serait plus juste).<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qxo-zayI6tE?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nMais les Carter devaient trouver qu\u2019elle \u00e9tait bien jolie cette m\u00e9lodie, puisqu\u2019ils l\u2019utilis\u00e8rent pour une autre chanson \u00ab <em>L<\/em><i>ittle darling pal of mine<\/i> \u00bb (1929)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/R1qz3CW5GE4?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Woody Guthrie a s\u00fbrement entendu ces chansons, qui furent des succ\u00e8s. Mais pour autant est-ce que la Carter Family est l\u2019auteur \u2013 au sens o\u00f9 nous l\u2019entendons actuellement, car la question ne se posait pas de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque &#8211; de la musique\u00a0?<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Eh bien non\u00a0!<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Les racines de cette chanson est un chant baptiste\u00a0!<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7ioZi2Jq6nQ?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -18pt;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times,'Times New Roman',serif;\">&#8211; Voil\u00e0, nous y sommes : <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u2019est quoi la folk-music\u00a0?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\"><i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">(\u2026) Des chansons qu\u2019on tient toujours de quelqu\u2019un.<\/span><\/i><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times,'Times New Roman',serif;\">Bob Dylan \u2013 Chroniques, Vol.1<\/span><\/span><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">Et pour ceux qui voudraient aller plus loin, on peut m\u00eame \u00e9voquer <i style=\"mso-bidi-font-style: normal;\">You are my sunshine<\/i>, qui s\u2019av\u00e8re \u00eatre tr\u00e8s proche de <em>This land<\/em>, mais si on commence comme \u00e7a, on n&rsquo;en finit plus\u00a0!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" style=\"text-indent: -18pt;\"><i><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/i><\/div>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/k8SKjL5dIb0?fs=1\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jDNDELFF1ok\" height=\"444\" width=\"610\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p>Billet invit\u00e9. A initialement paru sur Artonomia, le blog de Julien Chanet, le 1er ao\u00fbt 2011, sous le nom : \u00ab\u00a0This Song Is Your Song\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la lecture de mon billet \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/?p=60547\" target=\"_blank\">Arch\u00e9ologie<\/a> \u00bb, o\u00f9 je mets en avant le destin d&rsquo;une ballade traditionnelle : \u00ab The Merry Month of May \u00bb, devenue chant [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[205,3160,3159,1379,3161,3162,2715,208],"class_list":["post-60555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts","tag-bob-dylan","tag-chansons-traditionnelles","tag-folk-songs","tag-mississippi-john-hurt","tag-nick-cave","tag-pete-seeger","tag-the-carter-family","tag-woody-guthrie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60555"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60571,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/60555\/revisions\/60571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pauljorion.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}